Vitamins are the essential nutrients our bodies need in small doses for proper functioning. They are responsible for various functions ranging from the maintenance of bone and eye health to the enhancement of the immune system and cell growth. Nevertheless, in contrast to macronutrients such as carbs and protein, our organisms are not able to produce most vitamins themselves. For this reason, obtaining the proper dose of vitamins through a balanced diet is very important for health in general.
Important things to remember about vitamins
- Vitamins are not cures
Although these can help to reduce the chances of deficiency and support the natural defense system of the body, they, however, don’t cure diseases.
- There are 13 essential vitamins
Vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12).
- Vitamins can be categorized into two groups
Fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B vitamins and C). Vitamins soluble in fats are stored in the body’s fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and hence need to be replenished continuously through food.
Here are some key vitamins, their benefits, and where they are generally found.
Vitamin A: These nutrients are essential for vision, especially night vision, and maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes. It also contributes to the immune system and the growth of cells. Sweet potatoes, carrots, leafy green vegetables such as kale and spinach, and some fruits like mangoes are all good sources of vitamin A.
Vitamin C: Probably the most renowned Vitamin for its immune-boosting features, Vitamin C also aids iron absorption from plant-based sources and promotes healthy skin by aiding collagen production. Vitamin C is rich in citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits. It’s also found in bell peppers, strawberries, broccoli, and even kiwi.
Vitamin D: Also known as the “sunshine vitamin” because of the fact that our bodies can produce it through sunlight exposure, vitamin D is also very important for strong bones and teeth thanks to its role in calcium absorption. In addition to that, it nourishes the immune system and could be linked to mood regulation as well. Fatty fish like salmon and tuna, egg yolk as well as fortified foods like milk and cereals are dietary sources of vitamin D.
Vitamin E: Acting as an antioxidant, vitamin E prevents the damage of cells by free radicals which are free unstable molecules generated by the processes in the body and environment. Vitamin E is abundant in nuts, seeds, avocado, and olive oil.
Vitamin K: Although not as well-known as some other vitamins, vitamin K is one of the most essential for blood clotting and bone health. The source of vitamin K can be found in leafy green vegetables such as spinach and kale. Similarly, the fermented food such as natto provides another form of vitamin K.
B Vitamins: There are eight B vitamins that perform various important tasks, but all of them do the work of transforming food into usable energy. Vitamins from the B group are also important for brain function, cell growth, and hormone regulation. Different sources of B vitamins can be found in various foods such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, meat, poultry, and dairy products. Here’s a quick breakdown of some noteworthy B vitamins:
- Thiamine (B1): You can find them in whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds; these help with nerve function and energy metabolism.
- Riboflavin (B2): Found in milk products, eggs, and leafy greens, and participates in producing energy, good skin, and eyesight.
- Niacin (B3): Contained in meat, poultry, fish, and legumes; transforms food into energy and assists in maintaining healthy skin.
- Pantothenic Acid (B5): Widely distributed in different foods; involved in energy production, hormone synthesis, and vitamin metabolism.
- Biotin (B7): Found only in eggs, dairy products, nuts, and some vegetables; important for healthy hair and skin as well as carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
- Folate (B9): Contained in green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fortified cereals; needed for cell growth and DNA synthesis, particularly crucial for pregnant women.
- Vitamin B6: Present in poultry, fish, potatoes, and also some fruits; helps nervous function, red blood cells production, and moods.
- Vitamin B12: Mostly in animal products such as meat, poultry, fish, and eggs; needed for healthy functioning of nerves, formation of red blood cells, and DNA synthesis. Vegetarians and vegans may need to make an extra effort to meet their B12 needs through supplements.
A balanced diet that includes different types of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources is the key to ensuring that you are getting all the needed vitamins. But if you have special dietary considerations, concerns about deficiencies, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a doctor or a registered dietitian to determine if a multivitamin is a good choice for you. Take into account that moderation must be practiced – too much of vitamin intake can be dangerous. Through realizing the value of each vitamin and incorporating diverse, nutritious food options into your diet, you can help your body to operate at its best!
